Given there are two dozen top Australian growers, agronomists and researchers joining us for our conference, arranging more time to discuss issues of interest was too good an opportunity to pass up.
The programme for the day is less structured than a normal conference day. The morning is inside discussion, the afternoon getting out and about. But it does follow two days of conference, so we’ll be well primed.
We will spend time discussing some key crops – onions and potatoes included – and importantly technologies we can use to better understand and manage them.
We aim to identify areas of common interest and possible collaboration. What topics are relevant in both countries? What joint research opportunities are there? Where to from here?
After lunch we travel to a local farm, True Earth Organics, where Scott and Vicki Lawson and staff grow and pack a range of field, vegetable and berry crops. From there we go to a local major vegetable processing factory to view the next stage in the value chain.
This winter we have established both Caliente Mustard and Oats in paddocks 1 and 2, the site of our last two years of summer onions.
The ground had not had onions before 2014-2015 as far as we know. We grew our second crop in succession in 2015-2016.
Our plan is to grow onions for a third year, and to pay attention to the development of weeds, pests and diseases. Plant and Food Research reported some evidence of “Pink Root” in a few plants while harvesting samples of the 2015-2016 crop.
After harvest, Gerry and John Steenkamer ripped the beds, leaving the wheel tracks. This is step 1 of a route into permanent bed cropping at the MicroFarm.
Unfortunately, the alignment of the main AB line for the entire block did not match the buried drip irrigation installed some years ago, and it has been damaged beyond repair.
After ripping, Mike Kettle Contracting power harrowed the paddocks to about 100mm to reduce the rubbley surface. The Caliente and Oats were drilled by Kettle Contracting on 16 March.
We chose a split-paddock planting, with Caliente on the northern side and oats on the south. This repeats last winter’s pattern, so we will have two years of onions followed by either Caliente or Oats when we establish the 2016-2017 crop.
Many thanks to True Earth Organics for supplying the Caliente seed, and to G & J Steenkamer and Mike Kettle for groundwork and drilling.
LandWISE farmers and processors want to increase vining pea yields, and importantly reliably higher yields. Last year many farms growing processing pea crops exceeded 10t/ha. But regularly crop yields are less than half that.
We have been trying to determine factors controlling plant density, flowering, pod number, pea number and fill in process crops. Unlike seed peas, vining peas are harvested before the life cycle is complete. Any variation in maturity causes yield loss – both quantity and quality.
A small trial at the MicroFarm saw three lines of Ashton pea seed planted on the same day, using the same drill, seeking to achieve the same plant density of 110 plants/m2.
Sub-plots in each line were covered in Cosio cover mesh or an open bird netting to remove the effect of birds stealing seed or seedlings. This is important because recent years have seen a major increase in bird numbers and damage. We had 60 pigeons eating a 1ha crop. One farm shot 600 pigeons on one crop in one day and there were still hundreds eating.
At emergence, striping effects were immediately noticeable. We attribute this to drill settings because it repeated at the same spacing across the paddock. Half the width emerged later than the rest. What surprised us was the length of delay in some areas, plants emerging up to three weeks behind.
On enquiry, we found the coulters were set differently to account for the area compacted by the tractor tyres versus uncompacted/untrafficked areas. The settings were clearly incorrect!
The trouble with this kind of issue is the delay in observing the problem. In the period between planting this crop and our observation, many, many other crops could have been planted, all to suffer a similar problem.
How big is the problem?
We’ll take samples from the three seed lines, the cover options and the planter positions just before harvest. We’ll determine their yields and see what variation we find.
Dr Jane Adams, OnionsNZ Research and Innovation Manager, says the project, “Enhancing the profitability and value of New Zealand onions” is designed to provide the industry with tools to monitor and manage low yields and variability in onion yield and bulb quality.
It will incorporate precision agriculture with initial work to be done at the LandWISE MicroFarm. At the MicroFarm, we have been building increasing knowledge of the site, but will ramp that up with more layers of soil and crop information as we try to unpick factors contributing to lower yields and reduced quality.
Information about the 2014-2015 MicroFarm Onion crop can be found on the MicroFarm website.
The project proper starts on 1 July, but there has a lot of preparatory activity to ensure everything kicks of smoothly.
Anyone interested in joining a regional Focus Group supporting the project should contact us>
Modern planters are amazing machines. Electric and hydraulic drives with precise speed control have replaced ground engaging wheels.
Variable rate is achieved using prescription maps. Individual row control is achieved using GPS location. So seed populations, fertiliser rates and spray rates are accurate. Up hill, down hill, on curves, headlands, and point rows – the precise rates are applied with zero over-lap.
How do you check your new planter is performing as advertised? Before looking for improvements we need to get a benchmark of where the performance is now. During planting there are some problems you can identify and fix on the go and some you can’t. The trick is to record planter data, match it with yield data, and use that analysis to fix or modify the planter for next year.
Most planters have a simple population monitor but the addition of a few extra sensors, and a data management tool, gives an idea of how these variables affect your planter, and ultimately – your yield. Variables to monitor include singulation, ground contact pressure, ground wheel slippage speed.
When you know what happened during planting, and can compare that to the end of season yield map, you can then figure out the impact these variables have on yield. That yield impact can be converted to a dollar cost which leads to a discussion on planter improvements for an old planter, and a set-up review for a new planter.
An aftermarket planter control system can be retrofitted to most old planters. The system will monitor and record the planter variables during the planting operation for each field.
Ideally, the same system will also be used to collect and record yield data during harvest. This completes the loop for data collection and gets all the data in the same place on the same software. Later analysis is then simple and it is easy to identify opportunities, problems and create prescription maps for next season.
What goes on the planter?
Monitor /computer screen in the cab.
population sensors – use existing or fit newer better units
down force sensors and hydraulic down force control units
electric or hydraulic drive system for seed, fertiliser, and other inputs
section control
Process improvement is a continual process that leads to higher yields, reduced inputs, and higher profitability. There are a lot of variables we can’t control, but closing the loop on planter variability finally adds some true value to your yield maps.