Category Archives: Precision Agriculture

2014 Farmer of the Year Field Day

Around 300 people attended the Silver Fern Farms Hawke’s Bay Farmer of the Year Field Day on 8 May. Hugh and Sharon Ritchie won the award and opened Horonui, Drumpeel and Wainui farms to public gaze.

A good selection of images from the day can be found on Kate Taylor’s website, rivettingkatetaylor.com. A sample image of folk at Drumpeel is below (thanks Kate)

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Kate Taylor’s photo of people visiting Drumpeel during the Farmer of the Year Field Day

The weather put on a good show as 120+ utes travelled across the three farms.

Horonui has most of the rolling hill country and is the largest part of the the animal enterprise. Check Kate’s photos to see more. The flats are used for cropping with a 50ha area block irrigated by a towable pivot fitting with variable rate technology.

Drumpeel has been the cropping base since Hugh’s parents David and Sally took over the farm and began developing it. Now fully irrigated it has been the site of many trials and field days over the years by FAR and companies testing seed and plant protection options. Hugh himself is constantly testing new ideas!

Hugh has hosted many LandWISE events and supported LandWISE Smart Farming investigations including pH mapping, EM soil scanning, minimum tillage, strip-tillage. Generally he’s been ahead of us.

The Drumpeel linear move irrigator was a test-bed for LandWISE nozzle option research into improving application uniformity. This has been a passion of Hugh’s since his Nuffield Scholarship when he visited Charles Burt at the Irrigation Training and Research Center in California.

Wainui is a new aquisition that adjoins Drumpeel. The Ritchies have just completed their first summer of cropping. A large centre pivot on Wainui has variable rate irrigation which should give increased flexibility and use a set amount of water most efficiently.  A programme of GPS surveying and levelling to enhance drainage at Wainui has begun. This will be discussed at the upcoming LandWISE Conference in Palmerston North on 21-22 May.

Once again, congratulations Hugh and Sharon and their family and staff.

Land-shaping to Control Water

Hugh RitchieHugh Ritchie has been using the power of his in-tractor GPS to efficiently map his farmland and generate optimum drainage plans. He is gaining significant benefits from both improved surface drainage and buried tile drains.

High accuracy tractor guidance system displays automatically record data from GPS and various machine controllers, meters and monitors. An accurate (+/- 20mm) auto-steer system typically consists of a GPS receiver and radio antenna mounted on the vehicle roof, a display or console within the cab, electronics to a steer assist or hydraulic steering system and a base station.

 

Trimble’s Field Level software is set up in the FMX console in Hugh’s tractor. Designed with assistance from drainage contractors in US and UK, Field Level is the key to very cost effective tile laying. The software surveys the paddock as the tractor drives along a planned drain line, the GPS measuring surface elevation to within 5cm. Field Level calculates the optimum design to fit the desired slope from the top end of the drain to the outlet. Guidance keeps the tine foot in the right place.

FMX_GPS_MappingThe software is also used to capture position and elevation data to create accurate 3D maps for surface drainage. Using the tractor as a survey tool, Hugh maps his paddocks then exports the data to OptiSurface which calculates best cut-and-fill plans to guide water to desired points in the paddock. The generated cut-and-fill plans are sent back to the tractor which guides either a scraper or levelling blade to shape the land.

Hugh will talk about his experiences at LandWISE 2014 – Ever Better: Farmers. land and water in Palmerston North on 21-22 May

The role of precision agriculture: Strengths, weaknesses, promises and pitfalls

Conference Presentation by Ian Yule, Massey University, Palmerston North

Ian YuleIan Yule is Professor in Precision Agriculture at Massey University in Palmerston North where he has been working for 17 years. During that time he has worked and researched on Precision Agriculture within New Zealand and overseas.
Ian has contributed in a number of areas in cropping as well as pasture based systems and has tended to work in applied areas which have the potential to benefit farmers. He is an engineer by training and education and holds a PhD from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne in England where he worked before coming to New Zealand. He is also a committee member of the Precision Agriculture Association of New Zealand (PAANZ), a body recently set up to try and further the adoption of Precision Agriculture in New Zealand.

Precision Agriculture has been in existence for around 25 years and while it started as appearing to offer the total solution to our problems it hasn’t really been adopted to the full extent that it could have been. My own view is that it was too much based around soil fertility and an oversimplification of the relationship between plant nutrition and production. Farming is actually much more complex than this. However we should not lose sight of the fact that significant progress has been made and the rate of progress is increasing.

Possibly there were issues around the reliability and availability of equipment in the earlier adoption phase. Adoption surveys around the world also indicated that most growers thought of it as complex, requiring IT skills which they didn’t have and adding complexity. Academics and researchers got very excited about it but they didn’t necessarily see the added complexity and presented it as an all or nothing type of situation. This made the hurdle to adoption even larger.

In my own opinion one of the major hurdles is that precision agriculture is not a substitute for knowledge but is highly dependent upon it, and that knowledge is very particular to the farm, farmer and situation. All too often we have forgotten about the main decision maker, the farmer. Farming is a complex and risky operation and one size does not fit all. I think one of the most encouraging things is that PA might now be seen as a series of enable technologies which present some exciting opportunities to farmers and growers. They can build their farming system brick by brick, but have an overall objective in mind. It is probably correct to recognise that most have struggled with data management and turning that data into useful information.

The quality, ease of use and reliability of equipment is improving and many growers have found a direct benefit from using technology either through reduced operating costs and increased efficiency or increased output. Most farms have not reached their full potential and there are still significant opportunities to increase profitability while reducing environmental risk.

It is interesting to note that even our most progressive farmers have done completely different things in this space. It shows that they have been able to examine and measure the performance of their own farming system and identify their greatest weaknesses and address those first. PA also shows that there are many challenges ahead, both for family run farms and larger corporate farming operations.

The presentation is intended to highlight some of the strengths, weaknesses, promises and pitfalls of Precision Agriculture and perhaps offer some insights into how growers might make further progress with their own efforts.

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Regional land use tracking

Analysing satellite data to identify land use and cropslcare

David Pairman, Heather North and Stella Belliss, Landcare Research

Remote sensing scientists at Landcare Research, in collaboration with Environment Canterbury, have developed a new capability for mapping agricultural land use from satellite imagery. The methods are aimed at gathering regional statistics on areas of various land use types, and their change over time. The maps of land use and crops can also be laid over other topographic data, for example soil maps, to see what land uses are occurring on what soils.

The maps, even though covering large areas (e.g. a 60 x 60 km satellite image) are detailed enough to show individual paddocks.

LandcareRemoteCropMapAn extract from a landuse map is shown at the left. This is an enlargement of summer 2011/12 classification, showing land use timing at paddock-level

Assuming suitable images can be acquired (the weather plays a part), it is possible to carry out a land use classification every 6 months, i.e. a summer and a winter land use map each year. This ability for frequent updating, and provision of paddock-level information, have prompted the researchers to ask farmers whether they see uses of such mapping for more local- or catchment-level applications of value to themselves.

The LandWISE Conference seems the ideal forum to put this question to a tech-savvy group of farmers. David will present land use maps from summer and winter classifications in Mid-Canterbury, and ask for input on potential farm-scale uses, such as alleviating some of the work in filling in agricultural statistics questionnaires, or other possibilities.

To find out more, come to the conference and tell David your reactions, ideas and aspirations.

S-map Online – accessing soils information

The National Soils Database (NSD) is a crucial part of our soil data legacy in New Zealand. It is the fundamental dataset that underpins our soil knowledge of New Zealand.

SamCarrick_LandcareImage
Sam Carrick recording information from a soil pit (Landcare Research photo)

It comprises the profile data collected in over 1,500 soil pits scattered throughout New Zealand. It is the record of almost all we know of the soil chemistry and soil physical properties of our soils. From it we have determined how we classify our soils, interpret our soil maps and understand how soil properties vary with geology, rainfall, vegetation, topography, and land management across the New Zealand landscape.

SharnHainsworthSharn Hainsworth is a pedologist with Landcare Research.   One of Sharn’s projects was a study of soil maps, soil data and actual soils in the Ruataniwha Basin in Hawke’s Bay. He found more detailed information about the properties and spatial distribution of soils in the Ruataniwha Plains is required to evaluate the potential changes in productivity, versatility and environmental impacts from the proposed irrigation scheme.

Sharn is a presenter at LandWISE 2014 – Ever Better: Farmers, land and water. He will explain how soil maps and reports and new information products are delivered in S-map Online and he will outline initiatives to continue enhancing the information available.

CTF Vegetables – updates

John McPhee

John McPheeJohn is a researcher in the Vegetable Centre of the Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture.  John has long experience working with farmers to develop systems to care for soil, save time and energy, and grow good crops.

John addressed LandWISE in 2009. Five years later he is returning to share experiences and update us on developments in Tasmania, across Australia and around the world. He will discuss steps farmers can make as they move towards seasonal controlled traffic farming and full controlled traffic farming in mixed vegetable production systems.

John will show examples of machinery and discuss some of the challenges of CTF when a range of crops is compounded with livestock in the system. However, he shows the economics stack up and the soil benefits are real.

Chris Butler

Chris_ButlerChris has also addressed previous LandWISE events. He recently returned to SnapFresh Foods to grow salad crops in South Auckland. He will discuss the implications of reverting from controlled traffic farming back to random trafficking. He has seen very significant soil changes, and increases in machinery and energy requirements, water ponding and costs.

Chris has considerable experience setting up controlled traffic farming systems, having worked with David Clark to introduce CTF ofr maize in Gisborne, and growing salads on sands in Rangiriri and volcanic clays in Mangere.

John and Chris are presenters at LandWISE 2014 – Ever Better: Farmers, land and water.

CTF_Veg

Getting above the crop

LandWISE Conference Presentation -Trimble’s UX5

UX5

The UX5 is Trimble’s new Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) for aerial mapping and imaging. It can cover 200ha an hour, getting 5cm pixel resolution images used to generate 3D images of the terrain. Farmers can determine crop heights and generate topographic maps and models for land levelling and drainage applications.

The UX5’s camera captures near infrared to allow vegetation index calculations to enhance crop scouting and helps detect pests, diseases and nutrient issues. The image resolution means considerable detail can be seen giving agronomists a tool to see parts of plants.

We have been watching development in the UAS/UAV/drone space and see these machines as one of the next leaps in agricultural technology. We note the aircraft is only one part of a complex puzzle. The camera is another and GPS referencing yet another.

But it is turning data into farm management information that gives the value so the analysis software and knowledge of how to get benefits from these new tools are the critical aspect to us. And we always want to know how a new product integrates with the other tools in use on the farm. With spatial data that means the farm map, the tractor, the planter, the fertiliser spreader, the harvester and everything else too!

The UX5 will be presented at LandWISE 2014 and delegates will get to see it in the flesh. We are very interested to know how farmers and their support crew perceive it, what they think its first uses might be.  This will be a great opportunity to seek more clarification.

Here’s a link to whet your appetite http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tuzh9XCIins

Good practice, precision agriculture and farm plans

Good farm plans ensure we understand our resource base – primarily our land, water and climate – and manage to make production efficient. What will a cropping farm plan look like? What should be included?

We will achieve greater efficiency by carefully monitoring our inputs and outputs, and applying just enough to get the results we want. Nutrients, water, cultivation and crop protection can be necessary inputs but we don’t want too much of a good thing. We also get efficiency by planning so each action fits properly into the mix of daily, weekly, monthly and longer term events.

The 2014 LandWISE Conference in Palmerston North will focus on the constant drive to improve performance on and off farm. Farming never has, and never should, stand still. Much on-going improvement is now linked to precision agriculture, and the timely application of intelligence. But we must still get the basics right.

LandWISE farmers are leaders in precision agriculture. Initial steps for most were GPS tractor guidance, offering immediate input efficiency gains and importantly reducing fatigue. Many farmers have stopped there. Others have leapt ahead.

Leaders are capturing increasing benefits by mixing precise positioning with automation, sensor technologies, smart software and their own ingenuity. Some hone in on precision nutrient management with detailed mapping and variable rate application. Others have become highly skilled at level surveying and land shaping to assure good drainage.

Precision agriculture is a whole shopping trolley of tools and techniques. The best options for one farmer on one farm may be quite different for another. Massey University Professor of Precision Agriculture Ian Yule describes this as “bricolage”, a French word for tinkering.

In fine arts bricolage describes the construction or creation of a work from a diverse range of things that happen to be available. Farmers tend to be excellent tinkerers. When aware of the huge choice in the precision agriculture shopping trolley, they are able to develop a unique package that best suits them and their farm system.

The LandWISE Conference provides a meeting place where opportunities and ideas can be shared and custom solutions built from what happens to be available.

Keynote speaker Rod Collins from Agri-science Queensland is an experienced research agronomist, working with growers to implement a voluntary self-assessment and planning process. He will share thoughts on Implementing Best Practice, multi-sector efforts to integrate environment and economics, and accelerating adoption of farming practices that improve catchment water quality.

On Day 1, Conference delegates can also anticipate stories from Controlled Traffic for vegetables in Tasmania, impacts of reverting from CTF to RTF in Auckland, advances in crop sensing at regional scale, and precision ag research and implementation in New Zealand and overseas. There will be updates on nutrient management, irrigation management, drainage planning, technologies and implementation, and land shaping.

On Day 2, we turn our focus to the Arawhata Catchment near Levin. With the Tararua Vegetable Growers’ Association and Horizons Regional Council, we will tour Lake Horowhenua and farms. We will look at tools that can help us improve drainage and increase production while reducing sediment and nutrient losses.

With farm plans forming the base of future management and regulation, we’ll think about what is involved. What should a cropping farm plan look like? Where might we get information to support our planning? How can precision agriculture help?

LandWISE 2014: Ever Better – farmers, land and water

21-22 May 2014
Awapuni Function Centre
Palmerston North

Many thanks to our Platinum Conference Sponsors, BASF Crop Protection and John Deere. Thanks also to Gold sponsors, Potatoes New Zealand and Process Vegetables New Zealand, Horizons Regional Council and Trimble Ag specialists, GPS Control Systems.
More details 

New Project: Fertiliser Calibration

JDcalibrationLandWISE has been granted funding to develop fertiliser application calibration procedures suitable for farmers applying nutrients with their own equipment. The two year Ministry for Primary Industries’ Sustainable Farming Fund project is co-funded by the Foundation for Arable Research (FAR) and the Fertiliser Association of New Zealand (FertResearch). Work will begin in July.

Why have this project?

Intensive farming is under intense scrutiny as impacts on soil and fresh water are questioned. Nutrient budgeting is a critical aspect of fertiliser practice. Knowing what should be done is important. Knowing what is actually done is important too. This project will allow on-farm checks to ensure and demonstrate that their own or contracted application equipment is performing to expectations.

Recommendations and nutrient management plans from fertiliser and agricultural consultants assume the fertiliser material will be spread evenly and accurately over the target area at the target application rate. Poor spreading can negate the best management plans and result in significant production losses and pollution of waterways.

The Fertiliser Industry Code of Practice for Nutrient Management notes greater precision in fertiliser application is increasingly important if profits are to be lifted by more intensive farming.  Intensification brings a greater risk of negative impacts on farm profits and on the environment through errors and inefficiencies in fertiliser application. Fertiliser and its application is often the single biggest discretionary expense.

What will be done?

This project will deliver protocols, guidelines, templates and training modules for farmers doing their
own ground based fertiliser application. Calibration is familiar to farmers for agrichemical application. It is increasingly applied for irrigation, to achieve water use efficiencies and reduce the risk of drainage and leaching. The new aspect is applying to fertiliser placement, distribution uniformity measures as well as gross per hectare application rates.

Most fertiliser applicator manufacturers provide guidelines to calibrate equipment. However, usually only the bulk application per hectare is determined, not the uniformity of application. This is a critical omission, as poor distribution significantly impacts yield and increases risk of leaching losses.

Ground based application includes a wide range of application methods to apply a vast array of fertiliser products, requiring careful matching of equipment and technique to the fertiliser and production system.

FertSpreadThe project will address the two broad types of ground based spreading equipment:

  • equipment that spreads fertiliser beyond the width of the machine – e.g. bulk spinners
  • equipment where the swath width is equal to or less than the width of the machine – e.g. boom sprayers, combine drills, pneumatic top dressers.

The key performance criteria will be defined and expected levels provided.
Clear calibration protocols will be supported with guidelines and templates to ensure their correct implementation and for record keeping.

A training module and resources suitable for delivery to farm fertiliser managers and staff will be developed. Training opportunities will be provided at various locations around the country.
Together the project outputs will enable farmers to suitably calibrate equipment and record data pertaining to efficient use of nutrients. Their records will support industry QA programmes and demonstrate regulatory compliance.

For more information, contact Dan Bloomer at LandWISE:

FARFertResearchsff no web address sm

MicroFarm Open Day 3-5pm 2 April 2014

Ballance web150  BASF web  CLAW-light-150

The second MicroFarm Open Day date will focus on beans, sweetcorn and water management.

Bean planting P6 Airey 3 web

Bean planting – Richard Airey picture

The green beans are destined for McCain Foods Hastings plant. The four micropaddocks include demonstrations of:

  • Two row spacings 20″ and 15″
  • Four plant populations
  • Different varieties
  • Drip vs spray irrigation
  • Phosphorus: non vs normal vs double rate
  • Herbicide management variations

Sweetcorn demonstrations

  • Strip-till
  • No irrigation
  • Drip irrigation
  • Very late spray irrigation

Irrigation discussion

  • Soil monitoring records from 2013-2014 crops
  • Where crops are getting water from
  • Impact of drought stress
  • Cost of drought stress

More details on the MicroFarm website

Many thanks to:

Ballance AgriNutrients, BASF Crop Protection, Centre for Land and Water, ThinkWater, Netafim, HydroServices, McCain Foods, FruitFed Supplies, Agronica NZ, Nicolle Contracting, Te Mata Contractors, Drumpeel Farms, Agnew Hort, Greville Ground Spraying, True Earth Organics, Tasman Harvesting, Plant & Food Research and Peracto Research for support with this work.